Hot working
The correct choice of parameters for the hot working requires that the steel is brought to temperature after the right amount of time and at minimum cost to avoid risks during the processes of preheating, temperature maintenance, deformation and cooling.
The parameters of temperature and speed of deformation (strain rate) must be closely analysed so as to avoid areas of structural instability.
Valbruna has designed groups of stainless steels where special processes of elaboration of the liquid steel and precise casting systems produce ingots and billets for forging or pressing that have the best surface and structural characteristics for a correct plastic deformation.
Designations
| Valbruna Grade | Steel type | W.N. | AISI | UNS | EN | BS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AISC | Austenitic Stainless Steel | 1.4550 / 1.4546 | 347 / 347H | S34700 / S34709 | X6CrNiNb18-10 / X5CrNiNb18-10 | 347S31 / 347S20 |
| AISH1 | Austenitic Stainless Steel | 1.4948 | 304H | S30409 | X6CrNi18-10 / X6CrNi18-11 | - |
| AISLF | Austenitic Stainless Steel | 1.4301/1.4307 | 304/304L | S30400/S30403 | X5CrNi18-10/X2CrNi18-9 | 304S15/304S31 |
| AISLF1 | Austenitic Stainless Steel | 1.4301/1.4307 | 304/304L | S30400/S30403 | X5CrNi18-10/X2CrNi18-9 | 304S15/304S31 |
| AISLN | Austenitic Stainless Steel | 1.4311 | 304LN | S30453 | X2CrNiN18-10 | - |
| AISTF | Austenitic Stainless Steel | 1.4541 | 321 | S32100 | X6CrNiTi18-10 | - |
| AISTF1 | Austenitic Stainless Steel | 1.4541/1.4544/1.4878 | 321/321H | S32100/S32109 | X6CrNiTi18-10/X8CrNiTi18-10/X12CrNiTi18-9 | - |
| AMSL | Austenitic Stainless Steel | - | 317L | S31703 | - | - |
| APFIS | Austenitic Stainless Steel | 1.4845 | 310/310S | S31000/S31008 | X8CrNi25-21/X12CrNi25-21 | 310S31 |
| APMH | Austenitic Stainless Steel | - | 316H | S31609 | - | - |
| APMLF | Austenitic Stainless Steel | 1.4401/1.4404 | 316/316L | S31600/S31603 | X5CrNiMo17-12-2/X2CrNiMo17-12-2/X2CrNiMo17-13-2 | - |
| APMLF1 | Austenitic Stainless Steel | 1.4401/1.4404 | 316/316L | S31600/S31603 | X5CrNiMo17-12-2/X2CrNiMo17-12-2/X2CrNiMo17-13-2 | - |
| APMLN | Austenitic Stainless Steel | 1.4429 | - | - | X2CrNiMoN17-13-3 | - |
| APMTF | Austenitic Stainless Steel | 1.4571 | - | - | X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2 | - |
| APMTH1 | Austenitic Stainless Steel | 1.4571 | - | - | X6CrNiMoTi17-2-2 | - |
| VAL1B/1 | Martensitic Stainless Steel | 1.4006 / 1.4011 | 403 / 410 | S40300 / S41000 / S41001 | X12Cr13 / X12Cr12 | - |
| VAL1F | Martensitic Stainless Steel | 1.4006 | 410 | S41000 | X12Cr13 | - |
| VAL1NI/2 | Martensitic Stainless Steel | - | 414 | S41400 | - | - |
| VAL2A/1 | Martensitic Stainless Steel | 1.4021 | 420 | S42000 | X20Cr13 / X20Cr14 | - |
| VAL2B | Martensitic Stainless Steel | 1.4028 | 420 | S42000 | X30Cr13 | 420S45 |
| X134M/1 | Martensitic Stainless Steel | 1.4313 / 1.4413 | - | S41500 | X3CrNiMo13-4 / X4CrNiMo13-4 | - |
| X164M | Martensitic Stainless Steel | 1.4418 | - | - | X4CrNiMo16-5-1 | - |
| V155 | Precipitation Hardening | 1.4545 | XM-12 | S15500 | X5CrNiCuNb15-5 | - |
| V174 | Precipitation Hardening | 1.4542 | 630 | S17400 | X5CrNiCuNb16-4 | - |
| V174F | Precipitation Hardening | 1.4542 | 630 | S17400 | X5CrNiCuNb16-4 | - |
| V174F1 | Precipitation Hardening | 1.4542 | 630 | S17400 | X5CrNiCuNb16-4 | - |
| V225MN | Duplex Stainless Steel | 1.4462 | F51 / F60 | S31803 / S32205 | X2CRNIMON22-5-3 | - |
| V257M | Superduplex Stainless Steel | 1.4410 | F53 | S32750 | X2CRNIMON25-7-4 | - |
| V257MWU | Superduplex Stainless Steel | 1.4501 | F55 | S32760 | X2CRNIMOCUWN25-7-4 | - |
| AN2 | Corrosion Resistant Alloys | (2.4858) | - | N08825 / N08065 | - | NA16 / NA41 |
| AN4 | Corrosion Resistant Alloys | 1.4539 | - | N08904 | - | - |
| AN5 | Corrosion Resistant Alloys | 1.4980 | - | S66286 | - | - |
| AV20 | Corrosion Resistant Alloys | 2.4660 | - | N08020 | - | - |
| EG1 | Corrosion Resistant Alloys | (2.4360) | - | N04400 | - | NA13 |
| GL3 | Corrosion Resistant Alloys | 2.4856 | - | N06625 | - | NA21 |
| VAL4529 | Corrosion Resistant Alloys | 1.4529 | - | N08926 / N08367 | - | - |
| AN1 | High temperature Alloys | 1.4876 | - | N08800 / N08810 / N08811 | - | NA15 / NA15(H) |
| GL1 | High temperature Alloys | 2.4816 | - | N06600 | - | NA14 |